Slide the window yourself
The band shows a full 24 hours. The lit block is the daylight window. The dashed frame is the waking day, roughly 7am to 10pm, which is the only stretch a clock policy can actually govern. The orange tick is an 8:30 school bell.
Sunrise and sunset computed with the NOAA solar algorithm and checked against the US Naval Observatory. Early January is used because the year's latest sunrise falls a fortnight after the solstice, not on it.
Try Grand Rapids, Indianapolis or Anchorage on permanent daylight time. Then try Los Angeles or Miami. The same national policy lands very differently depending on where in your time zone you happen to live, which is the part the debate almost always leaves out.
Sitting further west within a time zone is associated with a 7% higher liver-cancer incidence per five degrees of longitude (IRR 1.07, CI 1.01–1.14). A single ecological estimate whose confidence interval only just excludes no effect — suggestive, not decisive.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29636342/
Fifty-four cities
Sorted by how late the sun comes up. The latest sunrise of the year is not on the solstice; the equation of time pushes it into the first fortnight of January, which is why these figures are later than the solstice numbers usually quoted.
| City | Zone | Standard | Permanent DST | Solstice sunset, DST |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anchorage, AK | Alaska | 10:16 am | 11:16 am | 4:41 pm |
| Juneau, AK | Alaska | 8:46 am | 9:46 am | 4:07 pm |
| Bismarck, ND west edge | Central | 8:28 am | 9:28 am | 5:57 pm |
| Boise, ID west edge | Mountain | 8:18 am | 9:18 am | 6:11 pm |
| Grand Rapids, MI west edge | Eastern | 8:14 am | 9:14 am | 6:11 pm |
| Indianapolis, IN west edge | Eastern | 8:06 am | 9:06 am | 6:23 pm |
| Detroit, MI west edge | Eastern | 8:01 am | 9:01 am | 6:02 pm |
| Louisville, KY west edge | Eastern | 8:00 am | 9:00 am | 6:26 pm |
| Seattle, WA | Pacific | 7:58 am | 8:58 am | 5:20 pm |
| Cincinnati, OH west edge | Eastern | 7:58 am | 8:58 am | 6:18 pm |
| Amarillo, TX west edge | Central | 7:56 am | 8:56 am | 6:39 pm |
| Billings, MT | Mountain | 7:55 am | 8:55 am | 5:32 pm |
| Columbus, OH | Eastern | 7:54 am | 8:54 am | 6:10 pm |
| Cleveland, OH | Eastern | 7:53 am | 8:53 am | 6:00 pm |
| Salt Lake City, UT | Mountain | 7:52 am | 8:52 am | 6:03 pm |
| Minneapolis, MN | Central | 7:51 am | 8:51 am | 5:34 pm |
| Portland, OR | Pacific | 7:51 am | 8:51 am | 5:30 pm |
| Omaha, NE | Central | 7:50 am | 8:50 am | 5:57 pm |
| Eugene, OR | Pacific | 7:47 am | 8:47 am | 5:37 pm |
| Buffalo, NY | Eastern | 7:47 am | 8:47 am | 5:44 pm |
| Pittsburgh, PA | Eastern | 7:43 am | 8:43 am | 5:56 pm |
| Atlanta, GA | Eastern | 7:43 am | 8:43 am | 6:33 pm |
| Des Moines, IA | Central | 7:41 am | 8:41 am | 5:47 pm |
| Oklahoma City, OK | Central | 7:40 am | 8:40 am | 6:21 pm |
| Spokane, WA | Pacific | 7:38 am | 8:38 am | 5:00 pm |
| Kansas City, MO | Central | 7:38 am | 8:38 am | 5:59 pm |
| Phoenix, AZ | Mountain | 7:33 am | 8:33 am | 6:24 pm |
| Charlotte, NC | Eastern | 7:32 am | 8:32 am | 6:15 pm |
| Dallas, TX | Central | 7:30 am | 8:30 am | 6:25 pm |
| Austin, TX | Central | 7:29 am | 8:29 am | 6:35 pm |
| Washington, DC | Eastern | 7:27 am | 8:27 am | 5:49 pm |
| Baltimore, MD | Eastern | 7:26 am | 8:26 am | 5:46 pm |
| San Francisco, CA | Pacific | 7:25 am | 8:25 am | 5:54 pm |
| Sacramento, CA | Pacific | 7:24 am | 8:24 am | 5:48 pm |
| Milwaukee, WI | Central | 7:23 am | 8:23 am | 5:19 pm |
| Philadelphia, PA | Eastern | 7:23 am | 8:23 am | 5:38 pm |
| Tampa, FL | Eastern | 7:22 am | 8:22 am | 6:39 pm |
| Denver, CO | Mountain | 7:21 am | 8:21 am | 5:38 pm |
| New York, NY | Eastern | 7:20 am | 8:20 am | 5:31 pm |
| St. Louis, MO | Central | 7:19 am | 8:19 am | 5:43 pm |
| Chicago, IL | Central | 7:18 am | 8:18 am | 5:22 pm |
| Houston, TX | Central | 7:18 am | 8:18 am | 6:26 pm |
| Albuquerque, NM | Mountain | 7:15 am | 8:15 am | 5:58 pm |
| Portland, ME | Eastern | 7:15 am | 8:15 am | 5:07 pm |
| Boston, MA | Eastern | 7:14 am | 8:14 am | 5:14 pm |
| Honolulu, HI | Hawaii | 7:12 am | 8:12 am | 6:54 pm |
| Memphis, TN | Central | 7:09 am | 8:09 am | 5:52 pm |
| Miami, FL | Eastern | 7:09 am | 8:09 am | 6:34 pm |
| El Paso, TX | Mountain | 7:07 am | 8:07 am | 6:06 pm |
| Los Angeles, CA | Pacific | 6:59 am | 7:59 am | 5:47 pm |
| Nashville, TN | Central | 6:59 am | 7:59 am | 5:36 pm |
| New Orleans, LA | Central | 6:57 am | 7:57 am | 6:05 pm |
| Las Vegas, NV | Pacific | 6:52 am | 7:52 am | 5:29 pm |
| San Diego, CA | Pacific | 6:52 am | 7:52 am | 5:46 pm |
Two things worth noticing. Alaska is in a category of its own — Anchorage would not see the sun until 11:16am. But below Alaska the worst cases are not the northernmost cities. They are the ones sitting at the western edge of their time zone: Grand Rapids, Indianapolis, Detroit, Louisville, Amarillo. And those are exactly the places where the spring-forward crash spike is largest.
The honest cost on the other side belongs here too. Permanent standard time means a sunrise before 4:30am in northern cities in June, and a 7:29pm sunset in Chicago on the longest day of the year. We are not going to pretend that costs nothing.
Next The case for standard time Solar alignment, expert consensus, and what the evidence actually supports.The spring crash increase was larger further west in a time zone — the same population that takes the latest sunrises.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32008905/
USNO Astronomical Applications, rise/set/transit times API — used to verify every sunrise figure computed on this site.
aa.usno.navy.mil/data/RS_OneYear